POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT: BILL C-45 
created 2007 Sept 20
see also    www.witiger.com/internationalbusiness/politicalrisk.htm
see also    www.witiger.com/internationalbusiness/politicalriskcontingencyplanning.htm
see also   www.witiger.com/internationalbusiness/geographicenvironment.htm
see also    www.witiger.com/internationalbusiness/personalrisk.htm
and  www.witiger.com/internationalbusiness/alanbell.htm..
 
INTRODUCTION ,
Alan Bell has been a guest speaker in C44 for several years.

In his talk to the class in Sept 2007, Mr. Bell mentioned the importance of international business students understanding the effect of Bill C-45 and how Canadian companies will have new reponsibilities for how they operate overseas.
WTGR
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Why This UNIT is Important Bill C-45 is titled "Widening the Scope of Organizational Criminal Liability in Canada"

The Conservative government states "Bill C-45 will now make it easier for corporate decision-makers and corporations to be found guilty of criminal negligence under the Criminal Code by lowering the standard of care owed to prevent accidents in the workplace."

How does this relate to international business management? - Canadian companies operating overseas have to now be responsible (even outside Canada) for the safety and wellfare of their employees.
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Context "Bill C-45,  which became law in Canada on 7 November 2003, amended the Criminal Code and widened the scope of criminal liability in Canada.  It established rules for attributing criminal liability to organizations for acts of their representatives, and imposed a legal duty for all persons directing work to take reasonable steps to prevent bodily harm occurring as a result of that work."

The following points come from an executive summary analysing Bill C-45, particularly as it relates to Canadian organizations operating abroad, and is comprised of the following parts.

The original executive summary was written by...........
 
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Bill C-45 For the purposes of the students in Prof. Richardson's class, we will focus on

Part III: Applying Bill C-45 Beyond Canada's Borders
- how Bill C-45 and provisions of the Criminal Code can apply to crimes carried out beyond Canada's borders.
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Bill C-45

Beyond Canada's Borders
 

 Bill C-45 Beyond Canada's Borders

"The extent of the application of criminal liability depends is centered upon the territory where the violations occur and the presence of a legal system willing and capable of prosecuting such complaints, which is often missing in conflict zones.  Nevertheless, the Supreme Court of Canada has held that the Criminal Code can apply to illegal acts committed overseas, if there exists for a “real and substantial link” between Canada and the crime."
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