INTRODUCTION
to Canadian International
Business Management
updated 2009 Jan 07
 
 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cbg7WNnEHw4 2008 Oct 27th, Prof. Richardson created a 9 minute video which summarizes the main points of this webpage. 

Students are encouraged to view the video first, then scroll down the webpage to read the summary in more detail.
 

All Business is International Business

The reason we say that "All Business" is "Int'l Business" is that we mean all business, even domestic companies that do not directly exporting or import, are effected by international circumstances which can positively and negatively effect their business performance.
 
 
All 
Business 
is International Business

 

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We can find many examples of "All Business" is "Int'l Business"  but for the sake of humour & hunger, we will use the example of Harvey's Hamburgers - a Canadian hamburger chain that was founded the same year as when the professor of this course was born.
Harveys is part of a corporate group that is owned by Cara Operations Ltd.

Cara also owns Swiss Chalet, Second Cup, Kelsey's, Montana's, Milestones and Outback Steakhouses

When Cara held its AGM July 24th, 2003 it noted that profit dropped 50%. One of Cara's biggest business is supplying the in-flight meals of Air Canada. The airline industry, worldwide, has been very bad since Sept 11 and was also effected by SARS in mid-2003. Add to this the American ban on Canadian beef because of the "one case" of mad cow disease in Alberta, and these factors all have effected Cara's seven restaurant chains.
.A
All 
Business 
is International Business

 

As reported in The Toronto Star
"sales at Harvey's fared badly as the fast-food burger concept coped with the mad cow scare and increased  competitive pressures. System sales fell 4.2 per cent to $62 million, while same restaurant sales fell 3.4 per cent. Six  restaurants closed in the quarter. The company ended the quarter with 339 Harvey's."
 
. What can you do to help this great Canadian company? - before coming to class, go to Harveys - or, better yet, bring Harveys to class and share ;-).

WTGR

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An important part of a course on international business management is looking at "what is" international business for Canadians

Canada's major international export products/commodities
   o forest products
           o dimension lumber (2x4, 2x6 etc.)
           o wood pulp for making newsprint and cardboard
           o paper in giant rolls for cutting and processing
           o processed wood, like plywood, fiberboard, mouldings, shingles, etc.
   o grains and oilseeds (wheat, canola)
 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wd6cQ_z_kSo click on the screen capture to view a short clip, posted to YouTube, made by Prof. Richardson about the state of farming in Canada in fall 2008

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wd6cQ_z_kSo

   o marine products (frozen fish, roe, crustaceans)
   o mining and minerals
           o ore and ore concentrates
           o coal (metallurgical and thermal)
           o processed metal products (sheets of aluminium, steel. copper)
           o precious metals such as gold and silver
           o protash - a big story in 2008
   o agricultural products (cheese, beef, maple syrup, etc.)
   o automobiles, automotive parts
           o GM from Oshawa
           o Ford from Oakville
           o Honda in Alliston
           o Toyota in Cambridge

Canada's major international import products/commodities
   o consumer products (VCR's, computers, cell phones)
   o processed food products
   o automobiles, automotive parts
   o clothing
           o Canada used to have a strong garment industry in Quebec
                   but competition from Asia shut that down in the late 1990's

Now that we know have a bit of a short intro to "what is" international business, let us keep in mind the title of this course, it is "International Business Management" - meaning understanding management (or, being the boss of other people) in the context of international business.

International Business Management requires us to not only have a grounding in what the key sectors are, but we must also know some of the players.

So, Who is big business in Canada? - Do you really know the company names?
If you wanted to get a good job in "international business" in Canada, do you know the playaz ?

see  http://www.witiger.com/internationalbusiness/topcompanies.htm

The reason we discuss these big companies, in the first class, is because this list gives some indication of just how big, or small we are in the total world community of international business - which may help us appreciate the competitiveness of our various industries and companies within those sectors. It is also interesting to look at how some Canadian companies rose, or fell as a consequence of the influencing environments (competition, technology, economics, social-cultural etc.)
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The biggest areas of Canadian International Business 
re: Physical and Environmental Forces
In order for you, as a Canadian student of International Business, to be successful in finding a job in international business in Canada, it is very helpful for you to have an appreciation for what types of business most large and medium sized Canadian companies are involved in. The geographical size of Canada, and the "gifts" of our natural resources means that Canadians companies are doing international business on a large scale, are mostly involved in the following
(WTGR.)
  • Forest products
  • Grain exports
  • Marine and Fish products
  • Mining
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Key Points  It is important to acknowledge, and understand the effect of the environmental forces on international business because business does not happen in a vacuum - there is always things - which you can do nothing about - which will effect your success or failure. Being aware of these environments, and dealing with them, will allow you to survive and thrive.

WTGR

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. There are a number of Physical and Environmental Forces influencing and effecting Int'l business in Canada.
  • geographical size and east-west spread of Canada
  • topographical and climatic challenges
  • the "gifts" of our natural resources
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Physical and Environmental Forces influencing and effecting Int'l business in Canada? Geographical size and east-west spread of Canada
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Physical and Environmental Forces influencing and effecting Int'l business in Canada? Topographical, "Latitude" and climatic challenges
    • many areas of Canada not suitable to living all year round
    • weather effects growing seasons for food
    • cost of food effects health and lifestyles
    • mountains act as barriers to transportation, communication, and limit habitable land space
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Physical and Environmental Forces influencing and effecting Int'l business in Canada? The "gifts" of our land based and ocean based natural resources permission to link to  "Atlas of Canada" online  communicated 2008 Sept 02 from Research Geographer Peter Morton, Natural Resources Canada, copies of emails kept in the Permission Binder
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Resources
Driving
Canada's
growth

2006

The IMF in April 2006, stated in its "World Economic Outlook" that
"In Canada, the economy continues to perform strongly, benefiting from the improvement in the terms of trade caused by high energy and other commodity prices,

Peter Morton, writing in the National Post in April 2006, analysed the IMF report and makes the following comments.

"Oil and other natural resources will continue to drive strong economic growth in Canada for the next several years"
- if you are an int'l business student looking for a job - pick this sector, or pick companies serving this sector

Morton cautions that the largest risks to the Canadian economy come if there is a slowdown in the United States, a sharp depreciation in the U.S. dollar or "a worsening of the terms of trade caused by weaker global commodity prices."
- what this means to Canadians is that diversifying away from the U.S. economy would be a good contingency strategy to reduce vulnerability

Morton also notes the world is not totally driven by the U.S. economy - While the United States -- with an expected growth rate of 3.4% this year and 3.3% next year -- will continue to be the main economic driver among the leading economies, there are signs that an expansion in Japan and the European Union will also contribute to global growth....China's gross domestic product is seen expanding by 9.5% this year and 9% next, helped by booming investment and export growth.

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http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/dbc/Canadian-Industrial-Sectors-en.aspx There is a difference between what exists as Canada's leading sectors of international business, and what the government wants to promote as Canada's sectors.

To the left is a screen capture (Sept 2008) from the Canadian federal government website which is a portal to general info about doing business in/with Canada. It is interesting to note that some of the "Sectors" the government is promoting are not necessarily the ones in which we are actual world leaders.

The sectors listed by the government in Sept 2008 are
 

  • Aerospace
  • Agri-food
  • Biotechnology
  • Electric Power
  • Environmental Industries
  • Information and Communications
  • Medical Devices
  • Oil & Gas
interestingly, no mention of
Automotive, or
Tourism

Ontario is North America's biggest location for automotive production, assembly and auto parts - bigger than

  • California
  • New York State
  • or even Michigan
from http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/dbc/Canadian-Industrial-Sectors-en.aspx
 
 
Sometimes in the 1st or 2nd lecture of this course we will have a short discussion about
Why you need International Experience.
These are some of the key points from that discussion, 
  • globalization means all business is international business
  • living and working in Toronto is a form of international business given the large amounts of people in different cultures
  • a high proportion of Canadian companies are involved in international business - getting some experience in this area will make you a competitive candidate to hire
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Modes of  International Business
- this is just a simple listing
- a detailed explanation will follow later in the course
- the purpose of listing these modes is to allow you to understand the range of "what" international business is

Import/Export

  • Export, Goods
  • Export, Services
  • Import, Goods
  • Import, Services
Investment
  • Direct Investment
  • Portfolio Investment
Also collaborative Modes discussed later in the course
  • Joint Ventures
  • Consortiums
  • Strategic Alliances and affiliations
  • Franchises
  • Opening an Overseas Office.
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useful sources of information


http://w01.international.gc.ca/canadexport/
 http://w01.international.gc.ca/canadexport/

Canadexport is a publication from the federal government.
This publication is free and it contains much much information relevant to international business development. You can be on the mailing list "for free" and it will allow you to learn a lot about Canada's business with many countries + provide you with helpful Canadian government contacts at embassies and consulates overseas.

The archives section allows you to search the many previous documents they have on specific countries or specific types of international business
http://www.infoexport.gc.ca/canadexport/archives-e.asp

It was suggested to students in class that they could contact canadexport and be put on the mailing list.

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